Chiropractic Diagnosis

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In the assessment of lower back pain, differential diagnosis utilizing a "triage" concept of classifying low back injuries into one of three categories helps to guide the doctor of chiropractic. These categories of chiropractic diagnosis include:

1. Potentially serious: tumor, infection, fracture, major neurological problem (cauda equina), local open wound or burn, prolonged bleeding (hemophilia), artificial joint implant problems, pacemaker problems, joint infection

   See Cauda Equina Syndrome Symptoms

2. Nerve problem: when the nerve root in the low back is pinched or compressed, causing a radiculopathy (sciatica). Typical causes of nerve root pinching include a lumbar herniated disc, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis
3. Non-specific: mechanical back pain in the lumbar spine. This type of lower back pain is the most common presentation, and includes pain for which there is no identifiable cause.

With chiropractic diagnosis of potentially serious injuries, the chiropractor will typically refer the patient to a relevant medical specialist and possibly a surgeon, and as appropriate the chiropractor may co-manage the patient's care with other back pain specialists.¹ With this classification, chiropractic manipulation is typically avoided over the relevant anatomy.

See Special Considerations for a Neck or Back Pain Diagnosis

With chiropractic diagnosis of a nerve root problem causing sciatica and/or non-specific causes of low back pain, chiropractors typically describe the symptoms experienced on the following scale:

• Acute (symptoms lasting less than 6 weeks)
• Subacute (symptoms lasting between 6 and 12 weeks)
• Chronic (symptoms lasting for 12 weeks or more)
• Recurrent/flare up (symptoms are similar to original symptoms and return sporadically or as result of exacerbating circumstances).¹

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These lower back pain or sciatica symptoms may be further broken down as mild, moderate or severe in pain.